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Caption : fig. s1 experimental schedule.

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Caption : fig. s2 results of urinary proteomic analysis using different sample preparation approaches. (a) the total protein extracted from four preparation strategies. (b) missed-cleavage rate of four preparation strategies. (c-e) distribution analysis of protein molecular weight (mw), isoelectric point (pi), and grand average of hydrophilicity (gravy) for four preparation strategies.

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Caption : fig. s3 results of urinary proteomic analysis using different proportions of sp3 beads. (a) peptide recovery rates. (b) distribution of the number of peptides per protein. (c) distribution of peptide lengths. (d) distribution of number of modifications. (e) distribution of peptide charge numbers. (f-h) distribution of protein molecular weight (mw), isoelectric point (pi), and grand average of hydrophilicity (gravy) across three ratios of sp3 beads.

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Caption : fig. s4 urinary proteomic analysis of the bph, pca and h groups. numbers of proteins and peptides quantified (a) or identified (b) from different individuals. (c) principal component analysis (pca) of the urinary proteome in bph, pca, and healthy groups. (d) volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins between the pca group and the h group (103 upregulated and 178 downregulated in pca). (e) volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins between the bph group and the h group. (f) heatmap of differentially expressed proteins between the pca group and the bph group. (g) heatmap of differentially expressed proteins between the pca group and the h group (128 upregulated and 175 downregulated in bph). (h) heatmap of differentially expressed proteins between the bph group and the h group.

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Caption : fig. s5 expression of genes in the tcga-prad resource. (a-c) comparative analysis of mrna expression levels of golm1, spp1, and timp3 between tumor and normal samples. (d-f) kaplan–meier curves illustrating the overall survival outcomes within the tcga-prad cohort based on high and low mrna expression levels of fgfr4, golm1, and spp1.

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Caption : fig. s6 canonical pathway analysis of ipa. canonical pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins between the pca group and the bph group.

